Beam Line Detectors Shift

Collimator and Radiators

Move Collimator

Figure 1. CSS GUI for changing the primary collimator position.

Ask MCC for beam to be turned off.
Open Hall-D CSS EPICS Control, if not already available, following instructions.
From Main Action Bar, click Motors in BEAM section. This will open the motor main GUI (Figure 4).
Click Collimator to bring up the Collimator Control GUI (Figure 1).
Click the button corresponding to the desired location to move the collimator (GlueX nominally runs on 5mm aperture). Wait until the Motor is Done.
Make a log entry to HDLOG.

Move Radiator on Amorphous Radiator Stick Assembly

Figure 2. CSS GUI for changing the radiator on the amorphous radiator assembly.

Ask MCC to turn the beam off. Also ask them to "mask the FSD on the amorphous radiator motion".
Open Hall-D CSS EPICS Control, if not already available, following instructions.
From Main Action Bar, click Motors in BEAM section. This will open the motor main GUI (Figure 4).
Click Amorphous radiator to bring up the radiator Control GUI (Figure 2).
Click the button corresponding to the desired location to move the radiator (you will see a confirmation dialog window). Wait until the Motor is Done and the desired position button is highlighted.
If you just put a radiator or a wire into the beam, make sure that the GONIOMETER is in BLANK position.
Request MCC to "restore the FSD on the amorphous radiator motion".
Make a log entry to HDLOG.

Move Radiator on the Goniometer

Figure 3. CSS GUI for changing the radiator on the goniometer.

Ask MCC to turn the beam off. Request that the 5C00 dumplette be inserted into the beam. You can see the status of the 5C00 dumplette in the upper right corner of the main GlueX EPICS GUI.
From Main Action Bar, click Motors in BEAM section. This will open the motor main GUI (Figure 4).
Click Goniometer to bring up the Goniometer Motor Control GUI (Figure 3).
Click on the position that is needed. There will be a confirmation window asking if the beam is off. Once confirmed, the goniometer will start moving and you should be able to see it in the camera view on the same GUI. If the goniometer does not move on the camera view, please contact the beamline expert. While goniometer is moving there should not be any beam bleed-through. If there is indication of bleedthrough such as high tagger or beam halo monitor counting rates, check with MCC if the dumplette at 5C00 is inserted.
Wait until the goniometer motion is complete and the desired radiator button is highlighted in green. The green cross-hair also should be pointing to the radiator that you just inserted into the beam. If it points to some other radiator, please contact the beamline expert.
If the desired radiator is a diamond for coherent bremsstrahlung you will also need to set the proper polarization plane using the CBREM GUI. First one needs to open the CBREM GUI as described in the subsection below. Then one can select the desired orientation by clicking on PARA or PERP buttons on the CBREM GUI. Once the motors reach the right angles the GUI will display the correct polarization plane. Note that you will not be able to observe any motion on the goniometer GUI since the motion are very small and very slow.
If you just put in a radiator into the beam, make sure that the amorphous radiator stick is in RETRACTED position.
Make a log entry to HDLOG.

Adjusting the coherent edge

The coherent edge during runs on diamond radiator can be adjusted from the CBREM GUI.

Opening CBREM GUI

Figure 10. EPICS GUI for controlling the goniometer positions.

Figure 11. EPICS CBrem GUI for controlling the diamond orientation with the goniometer.

On the Main Action Bar click on Motors button. A new screen will pop up showing various buttons for beamline related screens.

On the newly open GUI (Fig. 4) click on Goniometer button. This will open the Goniometer control GUI (see Fig.10 ). If the camera becomes frozen, try 'F5' on the keyboard to reload the image.

Click on the CBREM GUI button in the newly opened Goniometer GUI. This will open a new window, see Figure 11, with the buttons that can be used to adjust the coherent edge position.

Adjusting the peak positions

The procedure in this section describes how to adjust the coherent peak position within +-200 MeV. If a larger adjustment is needed, please contact run coordinator (RC) for instructions. The beam positions can be adjusted by the green arrows under Move/nudge the peak label (Figure 11). There are two pairs of these buttons: for large and small nudges to the positions.

Histograms that calculate the spectrum derivative and edge can be brought up by clicking on the green button 'Start/Restart' in the bottom middle of the CBrem GUI.
If the peak needs to be moved by more than 50MeV use the button with "<<" or ">>" on it. Once within 50MeV, use the button for small shifts with "<" or ">" on it. Keep in mind that if there is no beam the blue points do not get updated. Therefore only push the buttons when there is beam. Also you will not be able to see any motion of the goniometer on the web camera in the goniometer motion GUI since the amount of the motion is small and very slow.
Once the peak is at desired location, push green Force PARA or Force PERP button, depending what orientation we are supposed to be in, to assign the current motor positions to the setting we are supposed to be in.
Click Save as defaults green button to save the current setting into the file so that next time the diamond is requested to be in this orientation the newly found motor positions get loaded.
Take a snapshot of the CBREM GUI with the new positions and make a log entry about the peak adjustment.

Choosing the beam spot position on the radiator

An online calculator tool named spotfinder is available to predict the coherent peak enhancement and polarization, depending on the size and shape of the electron beam spot and where it passes through the radiator relative to its center. The calculator gets its information about the radiator structure from X-ray rocking curve topographs that were measured at a light source. These topograph data may not reflect the current state of the radiator crystal, depending on how much radiation damage has occurred since the topographs were taken, but they can provide a useful guide for chosing a new spot on a diamond after the coherent edge had degraded following extended running at a given location. The tool provides controls for plotting the collimated beam intensity, coherent enhancement, and polarization spectra.

Setting Amorphous Reference

The coherent enhancement plot on EPICS CBREM GUI, Figure 11, divides the current tagger scalers by the amorphous reference scalers to enhance the coherent peak. This way the inefficiencies of the tagger counters are canceled in the ratio. It is a good idea to save/update the reference scalers into EPICS every time we run with the amorphous radiator at the nominal beam current. One needs to make sure that there is stable beam at the nominal current and that the scalers in the CBREM GUI are updating when updating the AMO reference scalers. To save the amorphous reference to EPICS one simply needs to push the Save as AMO reference button on the lower graph of the EPICS CBREM GUI, Figure 11. Once the button is pushed the blue points on the upper plot on the lower graph of the EPICS CBREM GUI, Figure 11, should be straight horizontal line at vertical value 1.

Active Collimator

Gains

For standard running, the amplifier gains should be set to 1E-8 A/V. These are now adjusted through CSS

CSS -> Active Collimator -> Set All Gains

The gain of 1E-9 A/V can be used for a radiator of 1E-4 up to 200 nA. If the current or thickness is increased from here, there should be evidence of saturation in the signal. The reported beam position will likely be stuck and the ADC counts seen in the Hall D Active Collimator Diagnostics screen will show counts near 32000.

For a TAC run,

set the Set All Gains to 10E-10 A/V . The pedestal subtraction always takes place, and the pedestals are usually large for TAC runs. The pedestals are measured when the beam is off and the FSD flag is up. It takes about one minute to measure the pedestals, so there should be a long enough FSD down time for the new pedestals get measured and to kick in. If you are sure that there will be no beam for a few minutes but the FSD flag is not up, you can force the calculation of the pedestals by pushing "Force Pedestal Assignment" choice button to "FORCED" (then pushing the "NORMAL" option on "Force Pedestal Assignment" button when pedestals are assigned).

Halo Counters

Halo counters are PMT-based counters arranged around the beam-pipe to measure the beam halo intensity at various positions along the beam-pipe. the main goal of the halo counters to check the stability of the beam in time and to be used as detectors in beam scanning procedures. If the voltages of the halo counters trip, they need to be restored using the Beamline Voltages GUI that can be opened from the BEAM section of the Main Action Bar .

Radiator Harp Scan

Figure 4. GUI for opening various beamline-related controls screens.

Figure 5. Radiator wire scan control screen.

The radiator harp scan is performed to determine the electron beam profile in X- and Y-directions using two wires mounted on the same insertion device that holds the three amorphous radiator. The wires are mounted at ninety degrees to each other and are inserted into a beam by a stepper motor at 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane.

Open Radiator Wire Scan GUI

On the Main Action Bar click on Motors button. A new screen will pop up showing various buttons for beamline related screens.
On the newly open GUI (Fig. 4) click on Radiator Scan GUI button. This will open the radiator scan GUI (see Fig.5 ) that will be used for the radiator scan.

Accelerator Harp Scans

The radiator harp scan is usually combined with the accelerator harp scans in order to be able to project what the virtual beam spot size is at the collimator in the Hall D Collimator Cave. The accelerator harp scan is performed by the machine operators. The accelerator harp scans should be done with the radiators out of the beam and the collimator in blocking position - see the next point. It is important not to change the radiators or make any other beamline configuration changes during accelerator harp scan since the ion chambers FSD might be disabled. After the MCC does the scan they post the result in the ELOG and HDLOG logbooks. Although they post results for three directions in those logbook entries, the important quantities for us are the X- and Y- $\sigma$ -s which are being compared to the $\sigma$ -s obtained from the radiator harp scan to evaluate the beam convergence at the primary collimator.

Preparing for Scans

Ask MCC to take the beam away for a few minutes and let them know that we are preparing for harp scans.
When the beam goes away, retract the amorphous radiator and put the goniometer into BLANK position. There should be no radiator in the electron beamline during the scan. Move the collimator to BLOCKING position.
Phone the MCC and ask for harp scans using 1 uA of TUNE MODE beam with the 5C11 and 5C11B harps (IHA5C11 and IHA5C11B). Do not move radiators while MCC is performing their wire scans.
Check that the high voltages for the halo counters are ON in the CSS->BeamlineVoltages EPICS GUI that can be launched from the BEAM section in the main action bar of CSS. The halo counter channels are the ones which have ":HALO:" substring in the Channel Name column on the beamline high voltage GUI.
Request 100nA of continuous (CW) beam and ask MCC to mask the Ion Chamber and the Hall D amorphous radiator motor from the Fast-Shutdown (FSD). Wait for the beam to come back and stabilize at the nominal positions on 5C11B BPM, and then start the scan.

Performing the Scan

Push the blue SCAN button on the radiator scan GUI. The motor will move to the starting position for the scan and start going through the points and acquiring scaler data. The scan automatically pauses when beam goes away and resumes when the beam is detected again. The scan takes about 7 minutes without beam interruptions.
Periodically check for the messages at the top of the radiator scan GUI. When the last point is acquired, a message Scan Complete will be shown and the motor will stop at that last position (about 90.6). If Scan Complete message does not appear on the top of the scan GUI but you are absolutely sure that both wires scanned the whole beam, you need to push ABORT button on the scan GUI. This will abort the rest of the scan and perform some necessary restoration steps. If you are not sure if the wires went through the beam, either wait for the Scan Complete message or call EPICS expert.
Note that the motor for the radiator scan (and amorphous radiator) will not retract on his own, it will need to be retracted after we are happy with the scan results. Ideally this should be done with beam off after all scan tasks are done [See "Backout from scan" item #3 below.]

Analyzing Data

Figure 6. TOP GUI for selecting the wire scan file for analysis/fitting.

Figure 7. Overview GUI for selecting detector for analysis/fitting.

Figure 8. ROOT analysis GUI for fitting the x- (left), u- (middle) and y- (right) profiles. The fit results are shown in the fit parameter box. The units are in mm. The mean positions and the widths are in the horizontal, 45-degree (also called u) and vertical direction, while the x-axis of the plot is the index of the stepper motor in mm-s.

Once the scan is complete, push Analyze button on the bottom of the radiator scan GUI. This will open a xterm window, a small top window (Fig. 6) and an overview window (Fig. 7) that shows the response of various detectors versus the motor position of the scanner. The main feature of each detector plot is that there are three peaks at different position motors, one for x, one for u, and another one for y. If the peak is not visible for one detector that means that detector is not sensitive to having a wire through the beam and fitting that signal is pretty much useless. Note that the actual screen that shows up may be different from what is shown in Figure 7 since the number of enabled detectors in the scan can be different.
Select the detector that shows the best signal (usually signal/background ratio is the best indicator) by clicking the corresponding Analyze button. This will open the screen with the fit of the signal. Usually the best once are those from HALO:T:electron:tag detectors. Note that one can open multiple detector views with the fit to compare. The new screen that pops out will show the results of the fit for the x-profile on the left panel, for the u-profile (45-degrees) in the middle, and for the y-profile on the right panel. The x-axis of the histograms are the motor position in millimeters, while the fit results are the beam positions and width in the horizontal, 45-degres (u) and vertical positions. The horizontal and vertical positions are related to the motor position by a simple factor of sqrt(2) from the scanner geometry. The vertical axis of the histograms are detected scaler rates from the selected detector.
If the fit is good, make a log entry by clicking Make Log Entry button on the bottom of the screen. A small dialog box will pop-up for a comment, and after the comment is filled and Submit button is clicked a log entry will be made. It is a good idea to check the logbook to make sure that log entry has been submitted successfully.
If the fit is not good, one can improve the fit. The points in the views are ROOT histograms, so one can right-click on the histogram points and bring up the fit-panel and improve the fit by selecting the initial values for the parameters and limits for the fit. Keep in mind that the x-mean and y-mean are not the same as the positions of the peaks on the horizontal axis of the shown histogram. Once the fit is satisfactory, a log entry should be made by clicking Make Log Entry button on the bottom of the screen.

Evaluating Results

We expect to see approximately Gaussian distributions of the beam intensity in all three x-, u-, and y- directions similar to ones shown in Figure 8. The expected sigmas of the Gaussian distributions are expected to be within 0.6mm to 1.2mm for X and 0.2mm to 0.6mm for Y. The sigma in u- is expected to be somewhere inbetween the two. Distributions with sigma in either X- and Y- directions greater than 1.5mm is too wide and might cause problems at the diamond radiator. Note that narrow beam profiles do not mean better photon beam since the Hall D beamline was designed to have a wider beam spot at the radiator focusing at position of the primary collimator. The run coordinator or an accelerator physicist will evaluate the result of this scan together with the other scans upstream of the radiator to determine the convergence of the imaginary electron beam at the converter. We also expect to not see any shoulders and halos around the Gaussian distributions above a few times 10^-4 level in this wire scans. Whether the halo or the widths are not satisfactory and what actions need to be taken right after the scan depends on the instructions from the run coordinator.

Backout from scan

From one of the ROOT analysis GUIs select File->Exit to close the ROOT screens if not needed anymore.
Request the beam to be taken away for a minute.
When the beam is off, retract the harp using amorphous radiator GUI (the harp and the amorphous radiators are on the same insertion device). Insert the desired radiator in the beam to continue with the program.
Ask MCC to restore the FSD-s on the radiator motion and on the ion chambers.

Harp Scan Extrapolation

The extrapolation of the widths will provide the imaginary beam spot estimate at the primary collimator. This step is not expected to be done by the shift crew but rather by by the Run Coordinator. But in case the shift crew would like to do it themselves or is asked by the Run Coordinator to do it, below are the steps:

The extrapolation of the harp scan results (needs both accelerator and Hall D) can be accomplished using the Harp scan extrapolation tool that allows to estimate the widths and shape of the imaginary electron beam spot at the primary collimators position.
You will need to type in the widths determined from the three harp scans to obtain the output plot. You do not need to do any corrections to the numbers from the scan GUIs.
The first three 1-D plots show the extrapolations of the 1-σ-widths of the beam in x-, u-, and y- directions, and the shaded region around the curve indicates the 68% confidence level band. The data points are the measured values of the widths with the error bars that were entered in the boxes at the top of the page.
The bottom plot that follows the 2d shape of the beam ellipse in terms of 1-σ from what it is at 5C11 (blue ellipse), 5C11B (red ellipse), radiator (black ellipse), and extrapolated to the primary collimator (magenta filled ellipse).
Make a log entry in the hdlog AND the elog including these 4 plots: x,y and z versus distance and the y vs x ellipses.

Upstream Beam Profiler

There is a beam profiler installed in the beam line just in front of the primary collimator to measure photon beam profiles. The profiler has two planes scintillator fibers to give X-Y 2D information. Each plane consists of 64 fibers of 2 mm width and they are readout by eight Multi-anode PMTs.

Open Beam Profiler GUI

Open Hall-D CSS EPICS Control if not already available following instructions.
From Main Action Bar, click Beam Upstream Profiler in BEAM section.
In the GUI, one will see the scaler counts plotted as a function of X and Y axes. The updating frequency is controlled by the DWEL parameter. The update interval is DWEL×256.
There are three modes of data presentation and we are currently using two of them: Raw and Accumulative.
- The Raw mode update the plot with the new counts coming from the most recent interval.
- The Accumulative mode keeps the sum of all hits until the Reset button is pressed.

Figure 9. Beam profiler GUI.

Adjust BP Voltages

The power used by the Beam Profilers includes both High Voltages and Low Voltages. The HVs are used to power the MaPMTs while the LVs are used to power the pre-amplifiers.

High Voltage: Each MaPMT is powered by its own HV channel. Therefore there are eight channels for each plane. These HVs can be adjusted through HV X/Y → PVU/D: Show X/Y HV Channels. As the threshold for the discriminator is embeded in hardware, adjusting the HV is the way to effectively change the threshold.

Low Voltage: Readouts from the same plane share two groups of Low Voltages. Each group needs two 5-V and one 1-V inputs. Always make sure that they are ON. No adjustment is allowed.

Sweeping Magnet

The sweeping magnet (DW002 dipole) in the alcove is used to clean-up the charged particles created at the collimators.

Its operational current value should be set to I=190A. This can be done using a magnet Slow Control GUI. Switch on the magnet using the magnet Slow Control GUI. Select "Input Select 1" on the main control GUI below the "Setpoint" window. Enter 190A. There is no need for hysteresis cycle.

Details about this magnet can be found here

Expert Personnel

The individuals responsible for checking that the beamlineis ready to take data and setting its operating parameters are shown in following table. Problems with normal operation of the beamline instrumentation should be referred to those individuals and any changes to their settings must be approved by them. Additional experts may be trained by the system owner and their name and date added to this table.

Table: Expert personnel for the beamline instrumentation
Name	Component	Extension	Date of qualification
Richard Jones (UConn)	Active Collimator	(860) 377-5224	June 4, 2014
Hovanes Egiyan	BPU & GONI	x5356	March 25, 2016
Alexandre Deur	Beamline	x7526	June 4, 2014